Ultralow-energy amorphization of contaminated silicon samples investigated by molecular dynamics

• Grégoire R. N. Defoort-Levkov,
• Alan Bahm and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 834–849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.68

• , argon–hydrogen, and argon–oxygen interactions. In the Morse potential, the interatomic interactions depend only on the distance between the two atoms and not on their charge state, which is implicitly taken into account. Hence, the sample is bombarded with neutral atoms, an approach commonly used in MD

Impact of electron–phonon coupling on electron transport through T-shaped arrangements of quantum dots in the Kondo regime

• Patryk Florków and
• Stanisław Lipiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1209–1225, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.89

• hopping t’ and polaron shifts of site energy and Coulomb interaction of the IQD (compare transmissions for λI = 0 and λI = 0.2 (Figure 3c)). The total Fano–Kondo conductance takes the value of zero for q = 0 (antiresonance) and e2/h for q = ±1. For λI = 0.5 a transition 1→2 to the new charge state takes

• interacting dots. The satellite peaks appear only in the DOS of the IQD, but their traces are not visible in transmission. This is in contrast to what is observed in coupling to an open dot. Around λI = 0.5 phonons induce a transition to the new charge state n = 2 (see Figure 8a) and in the transition region

Molecular assemblies on surfaces: towards physical and electronic decoupling of organic molecules

• Sabine Maier and
• Meike Stöhr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 950–956, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.71

• with the ones of the metallic/semiconducting support is prevented. Thereby, it became feasible to investigate molecular orbitals [17], observe and switch the charge state of individual molecules [54][55][56][57][58][59], and resolve individual vibronic states in single molecules and molecular

• particular for preserving reversible switching capabilities [68][69], but also conformational [9][10][70], tautomeric [71], and charge state switching could be shown [56]. This Thematic Issue highlights recent experimental and theoretical developments in realizing and understanding physically and

Extended iron phthalocyanine islands self-assembled on a Ge(001):H surface

• Rafal Zuzak,
• Marek Szymonski and
• Szymon Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 232–241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.19

• ) indicate the area visualized in (b). Imaging conditions: bias voltage −2.0 V; tunneling current 30 pA. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 60: Additional information on single DB charge state switching on Ge(001):H. Funding We acknowledge financial support from the National Science Center

TiO_x/Pt₃Ti(111) surface-directed formation of electronically responsive supramolecular assemblies of tungsten oxide clusters

• Marco Moors,
• Yun An,
• Agnieszka Kuc and
• Kirill Yu. Monakhov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 203–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.16

• observed. The findings boost progress toward template-directed nucleation, growth, networking, and charge state manipulation of functional molecular nanostructures on surfaces using operando techniques. Keywords: atom manipulation; scanning tunneling microscopy; supramolecular self-assemblies; titanium

Controlling the electronic and physical coupling on dielectric thin films

• Philipp Hurdax,
• Michael Hollerer,
• Larissa Egger,
• Georg Koller,
• Xiaosheng Yang,
• Anja Haags,
• Serguei Soubatch,
• Frank Stefan Tautz,
• Mathias Richter,
• Alexander Gottwald,
• Peter Puschnig,
• Martin Sterrer and
• Michael G. Ramsey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1492–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.132

• photoelectron spectroscopy [20]. Similarly, the LEED technique will probably not be sensitive to the charge state per se, although differences in the molecular orientation and in the long-range order might occur. With a thorough analysis and molecular orbital resolution, it should be possible to distinguish

Self-assembly and spectroscopic fingerprints of photoactive pyrenyl tectons on hBN/Cu(111)

• Domenik M. Zimmermann,
• Knud Seufert,
• Luka Ðorđević,
• Tobias Hoh,
• Sushobhan Joshi,
• Tomas Marangoni,
• Davide Bonifazi and
• Willi Auwärter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1470–1483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.130

• ][33], decouple perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) aggregates [34], study interfacial charge transfer in binary phthalocyanine arrays [35], probe vibronic conductance in oligophenylenes [36], and control the charge state of F16CoPc [37]. Studies focusing on the preparation of coordination

Atomic defect classification of the H–Si(100) surface through multi-mode scanning probe microscopy

• Jeremiah Croshaw,
• Thomas Dienel,
• Taleana Huff and
• Robert Wolkow

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1346–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.119

• Figure 4. Empty states STM in Figure 2b-1 shows that the vacancy exists as a negatively charged species as evidenced by the reduction in brightness around the defect from charge-induced band bending. Unlike the DB, the vacancy’s charge state is observed to remain fixed even at filled states STM probing

• the boron in a negative charge state. While this seems to support its assignment as boron, the areal concentration these neutral point defects are observed at (0.1–7.6 defects/10 nm2) is higher than would be expected for contaminant boron from commercial wafer processing [58]. Further investigation

Adsorption behavior of tin phthalocyanine onto the (110) face of rutile TiO₂

• Lukasz Bodek,
• Mads Engelund,
• Aleksandra Cebrat and
• Bartosz Such

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 821–828, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.67

• molecular adsorbate and the substrate, as was presented for CuTPP on rutile (110) [33]. The charge state of a CuTPP molecule depends on the particular localization of hydroxy groups under the molecule. For Sn-down Pc molecules, the relaxation brings the macrocycle closer to the surface, which increases long

Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin–photon interface

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Faraz A. Inam,
• Shin-ichiro Sato and
• Alberto Boretti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 740–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.61

Deterministic placement of ultra-bright near-infrared color centers in arrays of silicon carbide micropillars

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Abdul Salam Al Atem,
• Faraz Ahmed Inam,
• Hans Jürgen von Bardeleben,
• Sophie Hameau,
• Ahmed Fahad Almutairi,
• Gérard Guillot,
• Shin-ichiro Sato,
• Alberto Boretti and
• Jean Marie Bluet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2383–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.229

• (−) [28] has two ZPLs, V1/V1′ at 862 and 859 nm, and V2 at 917.5 nm in the 4H polymorph. It has been established to have a spin number of 3/2 and a negative charge state [29][30]. These lines correspond to the two inequivalent cubic (V2) and hexagonal (V1/V1′, with V1′ as a second excited state) sites in

• permitted to achieve coherent coupling to single nuclear spins with ca. 1 kHz resolution [27]. The divacancy in 4H-SiC is a neutral charge state defect with spin S = 1 with 4 ZPLs PL1–PL4, in the range of 1078–1132 nm [34]. The largest PL intensity is 27 kcps [5] at low temperature using a superconducting

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

• Alberto Boretti,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Jonathan Blackledge and
• Stefania Castelletto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207

• associated with NV center sensors for magnetic imaging applications. An NV center is an atomic size point defect in diamond. Standard optical techniques are capable of resolving the photoluminescence signal of a single NV center, the detection of which is facilitated particularly in the negative charge state

• -relaxation phenomena between NVs and other paramagnetic defects in diamond was used in [59] to detect the presence of the well-known electron spin from the N substitutional centers (P1) and the NV neutral charge state. Both of these paramagnetism defects cannot be optically detected. Only the negative charge

• state of NV, due to its metastable state properties, permits ODMR. However, due to their low spin state, they have been clearly demonstrated by EPR in the presence of a magnetic field and added microwave excitation. In this work, the authors proved that by using NV ODMR, it is possible to show their

Gas sensing properties of individual SnO₂ nanowires and SnO₂ sol–gel nanocomposites

• Alexey V. Shaposhnik,
• Dmitry A. Shaposhnik,
• Sergey Yu. Turishchev,
• Olga A. Chuvenkova,
• Stanislav V. Ryabtsev,
• Alexey A. Vasiliev,
• Xavier Vilanova,
• Francisco Hernandez-Ramirez and
• Joan R. Morante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1380–1390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.136

• ) spectra in turn represent transitions from the core 1s states of oxygen atoms to the free p-states in the conduction band. XPS is a direct experimental technique allowing the detection of the charge state of the atoms. High energy resolution XPS spectra of core level chemical shifts can give information

Comparing a porphyrin- and a coumarin-based dye adsorbed on NiO(001)

• Sara Freund,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Nathalie Marinakis,
• Edwin C. Constable,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Catherine E. Housecroft and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 874–881, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.88

• (nc-AFM) is used at room temperature (RT) to compare the properties of the two dyes deposited on a NiO(001) single-crystal surface. Under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions, the adsorption modes of both molecules on the surface of NiO(001) are studied and their charge state upon adsorption are

Mo-doped boron nitride monolayer as a promising single-atom electrocatalyst for CO₂ conversion

• Qianyi Cui,
• Gangqiang Qin,
• Weihua Wang,
• Lixiang Sun,
• Aijun Du and
• Qiao Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 540–548, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.55

• CO2 results in a positive charge state; however, chemisorption of CO2 results in a negative charge state, because electrons are transferred to the captured CO2 from the TM-doped BN monolayer (Figure 1d). CO2 must be readily captured by the catalyst, and the interaction between CO2 and the catalyst

Raman study of flash-lamp annealed aqueous Cu₂ZnSnS₄ nanocrystals

• Yevhenii Havryliuk,
• Oleksandr Selyshchev,
• Mykhailo Valakh,
• Alexandra Raevskaya,
• Oleksandr Stroyuk,
• Constance Schmidt,
• Volodymyr Dzhagan and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 222–227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.20

• shift in the films (as well as for the solutions stored for longer times): (i) rearrangement of cations, possibly stimulated by a reaction with oxygen and accompanied by a change of the charge state of Cu from +1 to +2; or (ii) re-crystallization of the NCs into larger NCs while preserving the crystal

Sputtering of silicon nanopowders by an argon cluster ion beam

• Xiaomei Zeng,
• Vasiliy Pelenovich,
• Zhenguo Wang,
• Wenbin Zuo,
• Sergey Belykh,
• Alexander Tolstogouzov,
• Dejun Fu and
• Xiangheng Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 135–143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.13

• referred studies, the authors do not define the charge state of the cluster ions, and for that reason, their actual energy is unknown. Moreover, the higher ionizing electron energy of 300 and 400 eV used in [15] and [33], respectively, causes the formation of a larger amount of multiply charged cluster

Characterization and influence of hydroxyapatite nanopowders on living cells

• Przemyslaw Oberbek,
• Tomasz Bolek,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Julia Rogowska-Tylman,
• Ganna Nechyporenko,
• Viktor Zinchenko,
• Wojciech Swieszkowski and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3079–3094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.286

• -chemical method with spray drying, microwave solvothermal synthesis and synthesis in molten salts conducted at 300 °C) were characterized. A range of physicochemical characteristics including particle size, shape, specific surface area, degree of crystallinity, surface charge, state of agglomeration

Size limits of magnetic-domain engineering in continuous in-plane exchange-bias prototype films

• Alexander Gaul,
• Daniel Emmrich,
• Timo Ueltzhöffer,
• Henning Huckfeldt,
• Hatice Doğanay,
• Johanna Hackl,
• Muhammad Imtiaz Khan,
• Daniel M. Gottlob,
• Gregor Hartmann,
• André Beyer,
• Dennis Holzinger,
• Slavomír Nemšák,
• Claus M. Schneider,
• Armin Gölzhäuser,
• Günter Reiss and
• Arno Ehresmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2968–2979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.276

• electron microscopy (X-PEEM) and investigating the magnetic charge state of the DWs by magnetic force microscopy (MFM). The experiments have been corroborated by micromagnetic simulations. Results and Discussion The ion bombardment induced magnetic pattering of artificial domains in exchange-bias

• . For these domain geometries, the DW charge state is expected to change from monopolar for head-to-head (hh) and tail-to-tail (tt) domain configurations ( = 0°) to bipolar for the side-by-side (ss) configuration ( = 90°). The DW charge state in the xy-plane, parallel to the F layer, was characterized

• measurement. The simulations underestimate the smallest stable domain size because of the discussed reasons. In contrast to the triangular domains, the minimum size of circular domains is smaller: as the DW charge state continuously changes along the domain boundary corresponding to the radial rotation of the

Investigation of CVD graphene as-grown on Cu foil using simultaneous scanning tunneling/atomic force microscopy

• Majid Fazeli Jadidi,
• Umut Kamber,
• Oğuzhan Gürlü and
• H. Özgür Özer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2953–2959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.274

• complicated as it could be interpreted as a map of the local charge density of states of the surface at the Fermi level [6]. Therefore, depending on tip type and its electronic charge state, different relative contrasts of the atoms on the surface, including even reversal of contrast, are obtained in STM

Photocatalytic and adsorption properties of TiO₂-pillared montmorillonite obtained by hydrothermally activated intercalation of titanium polyhydroxo complexes

• Mikhail F. Butman,
• Nikolay L. Ovchinnikov,
• Nikita S. Karasev,
• Nataliya E. Kochkina,
• Alexander V. Agafonov and
• Alexandr V. Vinogradov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 364–378, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.36

• interaction forces between the particles and provides information on the charge state of the surface of particles in the suspension. It is worth noting that all the samples possess negative values of the zeta potential in water. As is evident from Table 3, the zeta potential values for TiO2-PMMx ranged from

Electronic structure, transport, and collective effects in molecular layered systems

• Torsten Hahn,
• Tim Ludwig,
• Carsten Timm and
• Jens Kortus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2094–2105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.209

• similar fluorinated copper phthalocyanine (F16CoPc), has demonstrated the occurrence of hybridization [11]. It was proved that a local charge transfer which affects only the transition-metal centers changes the charge state of the transition metal and is directly related to a change of its magnetic moment

• particular for large bias voltages. Furthermore, for any charge state, certain orbitals will contribute to sequential tunneling. Their relative energies for the same charge is usually well described by DFT. Energy differences between states with N and N − 1 electrons are best obtained from the ionization

Selective photodissociation of tailored molecular tags as a tool for quantum optics

• Ugur Sezer,
• Philipp Geyer,
• Moritz Kriegleder,
• Maxime Debiossac,
• Armin Shayeghi,
• Markus Arndt,
• Lukas Felix and
• Marcel Mayor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 325–333, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.35

• are chosen such that they respond at 250–270 nm and 350–370 nm, i.e., at wavelengths longer than typical resonance lines in non-aromatic biomolecules. We expect photocleavage to become important for the realization of optical gratings and for the photoactivated change of the charge state in mesoscopic

Active and fast charge-state switching of single NV centres in diamond by in-plane Al-Schottky junctions

• Christoph Schreyvogel,
• Vladimir Polyakov,
• Sina Burk,
• Helmut Fedder,
• Andrej Denisenko,
• Felipe Fávaro de Oliveira,
• Ralf Wunderlich,
• Jan Meijer,
• Verena Zuerbig,
• Jörg Wrachtrup and
• Christoph E. Nebel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1727–1735, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.165

• higher than the hyperfine interaction frequency between an electron spin (of NV−) and a nuclear spin (of 15N or 13C for example) of 2.66 kHz. This high-frequency charge state switching with a planar diode structure would open the door for many quantum optical applications such as a quantum computer with

• for quantum communication and cryptography. Keywords: active charge state control; diamond; fast charge state switching; NV centre; two-dimensional Schottky diode; Introduction The nitrogen-vacancy centre (NV centre) in diamond is known to exist in at least three different charge states (NV−, NV0

• and NV+ state). Compared to the positive and the neutral charge state, the negative state (NV−) shows superior properties for electron-spin related applications in quantum physics, namely a perfect photostability [1], an optical initialization and read-out of its ground state electron spin [2] and an

Photocurrent generation in carbon nanotube/cubic-phase HfO₂ nanoparticle hybrid nanocomposites

• Protima Rauwel,
• Augustinas Galeckas,
• Martin Salumaa,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Erwan Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1075–1085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.101

• vacancies or differently coordinated vacancies in the same charge state. Both scenarios seem feasible bearing in mind that the comparison involves suspended colloidal versus free-standing particles and that the relevant defects are located predominantly near or on the surface. It is noteworthy in this

• -volume ratio of the nanoparticles. This also suggests that particular band bending and charge state conditions at the surface define the radiative or nonradiative behavior of the defect center and in turn determine both the spectral features and photoresponse of the hybrid material. Apparently, these